Lack of Free Will - 1074 Words

In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness one important theme in the novel is predetermined fate. The lack of free will that Marlow exhibits points to a driving sense that he has only one way out of the jungle. Marlows only mission is to find Kurtz. Tunnel vision captures Marlows psyche and his want of destruction is only rivaled by his need to find Kurtz. Heart of Darkness exemplifies the absurdist and existentialist viewpoints that reside in literature written before and after human conflicts. Two other works that support this theme are a poem â€Å"The Old Sexton† and a modern novel, Fight Club. These works share similar motifs such as a nonlinear timeline and an ambiguous, unreliable narrator. An extension of the one way out theme, that all three works share, is the unrelenting hopelessness that dominates the lives of not only the main narrators but also those characters to which they interact with inside the plot of each story. The existentialist question, Why do we struggle? is felt by every central character that exist within each tale. Humanity as a whole asks this question after viewing the horrors of war and disaster; the narrators are mouthpieces of the sectors of the population that beg for answers in a world with no hope or any light. â€Å"The Old Sexton† written by Park Benjamin presents the rumination of a grave digger who is trying to build a glorious, monumental kingdom with the dead that he buries. The poem has a narrator that quite aptly stays undefined. The oldShow MoreRelatedThe Lack of Free Speech in the Military668 Words   |  3 Pagesarmed forces cannot speak freely about government officials, as well as government issues that affect their lives, seems to be controversial because it limits one of the freedoms these sailors and soldiers have vowed to protect. To oppose the right of free speech of any member of the military takes away from the importance of the job they do. It has been argued that a member of the military should be mindful of whom they work for and the chain of command that orders come from, and that any display ofRead MoreChildren s Lack Of Free Time1823 Words   |  8 Pagesthese many of children face in their everyday life. They are forced to work an excruciating amount of time, with no hope of ever having a better life. These children are uneducated due to their lack of free time or money to attend school, which in turn strips away another possibility of rising up and breaking free of this vicious cycle that affects their family and fellow children. Within this job, they will never make enough money to earn a living, which will always put them in debt and having to workRead MoreAnalysis Of The True Prison By Ken Saro Wiwa932 Words   |  4 Pageswhile awaiting trial,† but is a true prison? Although places seem free, the people can be truly trapped through the lack of ability to express oneself. Without the capability to express oneself people feel stifled, cut off from the world around them, resulting in them feeling locked up. Through the use of opposition as a metaphor for imprisonment in The True Prison, Ken Saro Wiwa, the author, describes that a true prison is a lack of freedom of expression. The use of the â€Å"It is† statements as anRead MoreFreedom From A Good Thing Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesliberty – ‘negative liberty’ and ‘positive liberty’ in his Four Essays on Liberty. Berlin describes negative liberty as ‘to be free to the degree to which no human being interferes with my activity †¦ Political liberty in this sense is simply the area within which a man can do as he wants.† In contrast, positive liberty is the ability to be in control of one’s own life, free from internal obstacles to living the way one would rationally want to. People normally believe that ‘negative liberty is a goodRead MoreThe Concept Of Personhood : A Of Much Greater Complexity Than The Simple Notion Of Species Identification1195 Words   |  5 Pagesused to collect the traits that differentiate humans from animals, however, an important distinction to make is that it is not conceptually impossible for a nonhuman to b e a person and vice versa. These differentiating traits surround the notions of free will and desire. While it is no exclusive ability of a person to desire, the distinction comes from the order of desire one is capable of having. A first order desire is a very basic feeling to want or want not for something to occur. A creature whoRead MoreThe Neural Basis Of Free Will : Criterial Causation Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesscientists say that the human minds simply take in sensual inputs, and make a decision off of these inputs. This argument is acknowledged through the impossibility of self-causation argument which Peter Ulric defines through his book, â€Å"The Neural Basis of Free Will: Criterial Causation†, where he explains the impossibility of self-causation argument down to a neurological level. He says that the definition of impossibility of self-causation comes down to mental events and neurological causal chains occurringRead MoreSummary Of Franz Kafkas The Judgement And In The Penal Colony107 0 Words   |  5 Pagesin Franz Kafka’s texts he proves it. In both Franz Kafka’s texts The Judgement and In the Penal Colony the theme: Lack of freedom in the Modern World is shown through Georg’s cause of death, the commandants death, and the the people being imprisoned by society and not realizing it. Georg at the end of the texts commits suicide because of the realization of how he will never be free. The Commandant commits suicide because he was too ingrained in society. In both text the characters do have a realizationRead MoreHow Self Control Is Truly Free Will1143 Words   |  5 Pages In everyday life we have the free will to control every aspect of our lives and actions through our choices and self control, however there are times when this sense of free will is challenged. In Patricia Churchland’s article she covers how self control is truly free will, it can shape our actions, as well as habits. Yet, there are reasons why ones own self control could be diminished, for example, the case of the man who had strangled his own wife in his sleep. Churchland believes that selfRead MoreInternational Flow Of Goods And Capital978 Words   |  4 Pagesflow of goods and capital, and migration are more and more frequent. There are some people hold positive attitude towards both practices which tend to promote countries to use what they are abundant of in exchange of what they lack. So some people think those who support free movement of goods and investment among states are supposed to like immigration. However, since global movement of products and investment boo sts the international economy while immigration can cast threats on domestic people,Read MoreMao Zedong And The Revolution Of China1008 Words   |  5 Pagesof the West. He wanted the youth to think for themselves and choose what they want. Mao Zedong realized the lack of free will within society particularly that of parents commanding their kids who they should marry without considering their feelings, â€Å"Was Miss Zhao’s will free? No, it was not free. Why wasn’t it free? Because Miss Zhao had parents† , Miss Zhao killing herself was the only free will she had unfortunately it ended in her death. She was never allowed to exercise her freedom due to society

Employee Welfare Programs - 4038 Words

Running head: EMLOYEE WELFARE PROGRAMS Employee Welfare Programs Dawn Hook Baker College of Cadillac Human Resources and Employment Law HRM401R Sally Randall June 8, 2010 Abstract This research will provide basic information regarding three employee welfare programs signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. The programs included in this research paper are the social security program, the workers’ compensation program, and the unemployment compensation program instituted in the United States. The history surrounding these unique programs as well as provisions and concepts involving all three programs will be discussed. The research will include brief instructions on how to file a claim for both workers’†¦show more content†¦This industry alone accounted for approximately 25,000 deaths a year in the early 1900s. One of the pieces of legislation that was passed was the Railway Labor Act of 1926 and the Federal Employee Liability Act (FELA) enacted in 1908 to aid the families of killed railway workers. Injured workers from the railroad that attempted to sue their employer for compensation or to receive any type of positive recourse was usually â€Å"an exercise in frustration and futility† (Cihon Castagnera, 2008, p. 310). If a person was lucky enough to even afford an attorney for a railway accident, the company’s attorney would persuade the court that simply by accepting the job, they also accepted the risks related to the profession. Lawyers would often use the excuse that the injured worker was not hurt by the railway but by the carelessness of a co-worker. This practice was called â€Å"fellow-servant doctrine† (Cihon Castagnera, 22008, p. 311). With the inception of the worker’s compensation program, workers such as the railway workers could begin to receive benefits from injuries or accidents sustained on the job (Cihon Castagnera, 2008). Another employee welfare program instituted as a result of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was the unemployment compensation program. The biggest difference â€Å"between workers’ compensation and unempl oyment compensation versus social securityShow MoreRelatedGoogle And Management Of An Internet Search Engine991 Words   |  4 Pageseasy-to-use free service (Wikipedia). Google has developed a high standard of employee welfare policies, other than the requirement standard by the State and the Federal Government. Google also have many additional benefits to encourage employee to stay safe and healthy, such program includes free food, on-site laundry, dry cleaning, and change clothes service, indoor sports center, parenting train service, benefits of deceased employee and invited various celebrities to visit. Such generous treatment canRead MoreEssay on The Need for Employee Counseling4065 Words   |  17 PagesThe Need for Employee Counseling Employees are the most valuable asset the company has. Without employees the company is just bricks and walls and pieces of iron and steel. Employees are the ones that bring the place alive, they cause the activity and they are responsible for output. Though today all of us have been influenced by the age of information technology and automation, there is no company that can claim that it can make it on its own without employees. In fact today more than ever itRead MoreEvaluation Of The Employee Retention Rate At The Greater Minneapolis Crisis Nursery1496 Words   |  6 Pagesyou a detailed report of the employee retention rate at the Greater Minneapolis Crisis Nursery as well as the retention rate at similar organizations across the nation. As you know, the Greater Minneapolis Crisis Nursery’s employee retention has been an on going problem for the Nursery. With the employee turnover rate averaging as a high as 84% in Children’s Services, children coming to the Nursery are in continuously changing hands (Joel Bergstrom, 2011-2016, Employee Report). The Nursery isn’t theRead MoreEmployee Safety Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Assignment: Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare Law Paper Prepare a 1,050-to 1,750-word paper in which you explain the application and implication of the following laws for your employer. Analyze the following employee safety, health, and welfare laws: Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 Format your paper according to APA standards. {text:list-item} What are employers responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Imperative Advantages Of Welfare879 Words   |  4 Pagesadvantages of welfare measures can be condensed as takes after: †¢ They give better physical and psychological wellness to labourers and along these lines advance a sound workplace Offices like lodging plans, health advantages, and instruction and diversion offices for labourers families help in raising their ways of life. †¢ This makes specialists to give careful consideration towards work and consequently builds their efficiency. †¢ Businesses get steady work power by giving welfare offices. LabourersRead MoreCompany Culture, Leadership, And Employee Welfare1537 Words   |  7 Pagesreshape the company culture, leadership, and employee welfare. The paper will define and discuss the creation of and/or revisions to the company’s vision, common purpose, stakeholder balance, code of conduct, process integrity, training, and social responsibility strategy. The paper will also cover the importance of and recommendations for ethical and effective leadership. Lastly, this paper will identify and recommend ways to enhance employee welfare and morale through work-life balance, higherRead MoreEssay on Frances Welfare System 954 Words   |  4 Pages The welfare system in France is founded on the principle of solidarity. Solidarity is sense of the responsibility of the individuals in the society to help each other out. This is all for the common good (Spicker). In order to promote solidarity, France has a welfare system that includes universal entitlements, social insurance, means-tested public assistance, and tax expenditures programs. One aspect of the French welfare system is universal entitlements. One universal entitlement under the FrenchRead MoreHr Comp Benefits684 Words   |  3 Pages| | A. Civil Rights Act of 1991 | | | B. Equal Pay Act of 1938 | | | C. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 | | | D. Davis-Bacon Act of 1931 | | Answer Key: D | | | Question 2 of 15 | 10.0/ 10.0 Points | Which type of compensation program is based, in part, on the human capital theory? | | A. merit pay | | | B. seniority pay | | | C. incentive pay | | | D. skill-based pay | | Answer Key: B | | | Question 3 of 15 | 10.0/ 10.0 Points | What type of pay should be determinedRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Company s Sense Of Responsibility1366 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies and †¢ Employee Satisfaction :- to have good relationship with workers Guo (2014) says that Corporal Social Responsibilities can be evaluated based on many things like human rights protection, labor rights, social responsibility management, business ethics, social welfare behavior and many other things. Korschun (2014) in his study reveals that CSR activities help to develop the client – employee relationship. He also states that CSR helps in improving job performance of the employee. Given theRead MoreHuman Resources Management Essays1699 Words   |  7 Pageshaving an equivalent human resources certification or an Associate’s degree, of which, can be acquired in little as two years. For those who are seeking a higher position would need to acquire a higher degree; a Bachelor’s degree, a four-year degree program that focuses on the developing of many necessary managerial skills. Even though, an Associate’s degree and certification take less time to acquire, most organization would prefer candidates with a Bachelor’s degree and above. These degrees require

Mega Minds Free Essays

CHAPTER ONE 1. 1INTRODUCTION One of the effects of over-population in a country is unemployment. Unemployment is the undoing of graduates because it literally destroys the individual morally and raptures the ties and relationships they form. We will write a custom essay sample on Mega Minds or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unemployment is the fact of a number of people, especially graduates not having a job to make their lives suit the economy. Economy is the relationship or the link between the production, trade and supply of money and other commodities in a particular country. A graduate is the person who has got a university degree and has completed his or her school studies. In Nigeria, the main objective of every individual who attends a higher institution is get a job after all the struggles in the institution. But the reverse is the case. Not more than 20% of the graduates every year from different institutions of higher learning in the country gets comfortable immediately after school. Philosophers say that an idle mind is the devils workshop. Owing to the level of unemployment among graduates, crime rates gets on the increase. Frustration causes most of the crimes committed as a result of unemployment. Every individual would like to have their ends meet. So, that is why all the crimes are being committed. 1. 2TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment can be of many types. These are 1 FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT This is a kind of unemployment that occurs because it takes workers some time to move from one job another. It may be the case that some workers find new job before they live their olds ones. In this case, a worker must look around for a job that is a good fit for him/her and this process takes some time. During this time, the individual is considered to be unemployed. But frictional unemployment is seen and thought and considered to last only for a while or short period of time. It has been seen by economists not to be especially problematic from an economic stand point. It can be the particularly time because the modern-day technology is helping both workers and companies make job search process more efficient. 2CYCLICLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT. It’s probably not surprising that unemployment is higher during recession and depressions and lower during periods of higher economic growth. But that is not the case for Nigerian economy in any way. Because of this, economist have coined the term, cyclical unemployment to describe the unemployment associated with business cycles. When demand for goods and service in an economy falls, some companies respond by cutting down production laying off workers rather than by reducing wages and prices. When this happens, there are more workers in an economy than there are available jobs, and as a result there is unemployment. 3SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT. This kind of unemployment results and can be said to occur due to the nature of job of an individual. For instance, road construction workers. Their works and operation comes temporarily to a halt during the rainy season. This is physical conditions of the environment. Owing to the situation, they are said to be unemployed during the season. Again the fishermen see also to be unemployed during the rainy season because of the high rise of the waters. So they are also termed to be unemployed seasonally. This type of unemployment is seasonal because the nature of the job of an individual suits a particular season to carry out effective operation. Apart from the above defined types of unemployment there are also voluntary and involuntary unemployment. * VOLUNTORY UNEMPLOYMENT. This is a kind of unemployment whereby an individual or a person has personally decided not to acquire any job. * INVOLUNTORY UNEMPLOYMENT This is the reverse of the case of voluntary unemployment. Involuntary unemployment is a situation whereby an individual is willing and able to perform a particular task as a job but no one is anywhere to be found. This is the most kind of unemployment that is experienced in the today’s Nigerian economy. CHAPTER TWO 2. CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT There is a saying, â€Å"there is no smoke without fire†. This implies also to the rate of unemployment among graduates of this country today. There are many causes of unemployment. Many are the affiliation of Nigerian university graduate, but the most harrowing is that of unemployment. Roaming the streets, looking for jobs that are hardly in existence. When he is in vited for an interview, he is subjected to inhuman treatments, discriminations and humiliations. And at the end of the day, he is left in the cold as the job is given to the applicant with the right connection. From time, the subject of unemployment has always been an issue of great concern to economists, policy makers and economic managers alike; giving the devastating effect of this phenomenon on individuals, the society and the economy at large. Omobola (2007), traced the nations graduate unemployment problem to the root causes and came up with the following; (a) Graduate definition of a job (b) Expectations and (c) Competitiveness 2. 2BOOKISH KNOWLEDGE AND LACK OF SKILLS AND PRACTICE There is a big gap between academia and industry. And this is one of the major causes of unemployment among Nigerian graduates. Our educational institutions seem to be producing only academicians who end up not solving the problems of the day. Out – molded courses are still being taught in some of our educational institutions with absolute equipment and technologies. This is not the case in some advanced countries are enhanced. In Nigeria, we can find a mechanical engineering student who would tell you all the functions of an engine but when you ask the same student to identify a part he has mentioned, it becomes a problem. Some lecturers have fought for many years and have refused to make way for younger lecturers and is still â€Å"living on his past glory†. Our educational institutions have refused to expand facilities, employ modern equipments and also introduce relevant courses to meet the job market. 2. 3NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM. Most of the people that handle most professional jobs and services in Nigeria are foreigners. Negligence is laid on Nigerian graduates. And huge ransoms are paid to these foreigners in order to reward them and also keep them back. CHAPTER THREE . 1EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment lays very great effects on the society and the individual precisely. It is a killer disease among graduates. Unemployment is as deadly as inferiority complex. * PROSTITUTION AND CHILD TRAFICKING When a graduate is unemployed for more than five years, especially the women, without having any source of income, she starts developing the interest in prostitution as a cure to her problem. * LOSS OF HUMAN ESOURCES The problem of unemployment causes loss of human resources. Labourers waste their maximum time in search of employment. INCREASE IN POVERTY Unemployment deprives a man of all sources of income. As a result he grows poor. Therefore, unemployment generates poverty. * SOCIAL PROBLEMS Unemployment breeds many social problems comprising of dishonesty, gambling, bribery, theft, fraud, prostitution and others. As a result of unemployment, social society is jeopardized. * POLITICAL INTABILITY Unemployment gives birth to political instability in a country. Unemployed persons can easily be enticed by any anti-social elements. They lose all faith in democratic values and peaceful means. They consider that the government is worthless which fails to provide work for them. * EXPLOITATION OF LABOUR In the state of unemployment, labourers are exploited to the maximum possible extent. Those labourers who get work have to work under adverse condition of low wages. All this tells upon the efficiency of labourers greatly influence the pattern of unemployment opportunities in the country. Being poor, a person does not make any gainful use of existing resources. * DEFECTIVE EDUCATION SYSTEM The education system in our country too has failed to respond to the existing inter-generation gap. It simply imparts general and literary education devoid of any practical extent. CHAPTER FOUR 4. 1 SOLUTIONS TO UNEMPLOYMENT: A WAY OUT The government should put up and adhere to the law of job leaving age. This will give rise to the step-down of those who have been in office, thereby creating room for young school leavers to take up the jobs. This will help in the reduction of unemployment in the country. VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION ESTABLISHMENT The government should lay emphasis on the establishment of vocational institutions in Nigeria. This will give and impart skill full knowledge on students or individuals. When an individual has attended a vocational institution, he can fend for himself. An individual learns a particular trade n a vocational institution. He may learn tailoring skill, craft, vulcanizing and other important trade the will give him income for survival there by creating employment. Government should recognize the professional personnel in Nigeria who waste their career most times in bars and put them in the spaces occupied by foreign contractors. The funniest part of this all is that government pay double ransomed to these foreign contractors as salary and a way of retaining them. Establishment like ITF – Industrial Training Fund should also be enacted in the country. This is also related to vocational education institutions. Skills learning and acquisition centers should also be built across the nation, in different places. With the erection of these centers, individuals would be motivated to attend in order to get what to do. For instance, the Lagos refinery alone would offer Job opportunities for up to 5000 workers and an estimate 2000 workers to run the industrial complex. If all these are effectively carried out, everybody would be able to make food available on his table. CHAPTER FIVE 5. 1SUMMARY It is not a hidden issue, even to the eyes of toddler, on the rate of unemployment in Nigeria, especially among the university graduates. These are those who have burnt their mid – night candles to make sure that they become some person in life, but due to the menace of unemployment in the country, the reverse has become their case. But no matter how everything stands, the menace of unemployment can still be traced back to concern the government of the country. If the government should make a move concerning this issue, at least it is said that heaven helps those who helps themselves, even the individuals will be motivated. It is when a hand is stretched to drowning person that attempts to rescuer can be made. The country, at the state of unemployment rate is seriously drowning. Sp more emphasis should be laid. Also we should try to imbibe our culture and drop the culture of the white man – British man. Emulations are on the high rate which I personally would term illiteracy. For instance, a white man may be seen putting a kind of fancy woolen material on the television set. This is because of the weather conditions over there. But a Nigerian would emulate and want to be like the white man, and one sees somebody putting a woolen thick material under the harsh hot weather condition of the tropical Africa. ILLITRACY!!! Generally, both the individuals and the top officials should all put hands on deck to eradicate the irritating menace of unemployment in Nigeria. REFERENCES 1. News speak magazines p. g 26, 1992. 2. Mrs Omobola’s speech on the causes and effects of unemployment 2007 3. Prof Jonan Bruwer, unit for institutional planning and research, june 2006 4. Google search engine _ Wikipedia encyclopedia _www. huffintonpost. co. uk/tag/gragduate unemployment 5. Yahoo search engine 6. A-one in English textbook; an essay on unemployment 7. Marist brother’s Juniorate; citadel of learning 2011 8. Newspoint newspaper p. g 12, 2008 9. Daily newspaper p. g 35, 2009 10. Vanguard magazine p. g 6, 2002. How to cite Mega Minds, Papers

Process Innovation Reengineering Work

Question: Discuss about the Process Innovation for Reengineering Work. Answer: Introduction The study focuses on defining expenditure cycle while covering the concepts of ordering and receiving goods along with the use of retailing and distribution link. Apart from that, a situation of a company named Fruito has been facing issues in the accounting process. Potential impact of the recognized threat will be described. Expenditure cycle is defined as the set of actions and purchasing decisions. Expenditure cycle is considered as a repetitive process that is responsible for creating various purchased orders, ordered goods, receiving the products, approving invoices of the purchased items, and lastly paying the invoices. Every shoppers and companies while making purchase every time use expenditure cycle. It is used to buy the products and to compare the process of pricing and choosing the suppliers. Shoppers in the next time will make a purchase after choosing the appropriate mode of payment (Sueyoshi Goto, 2013). Expenditure cycle of a company consists of few procedures. They are described in the following: Purchasing Decision: Firms requires raw materials for production of goods and services. For purchasing the goods business owners will consider few things in terms of pricing and choosing right mode of payment. Ordering Materials: Pricing is the next step after purchasing. After that, the company agent will confirm about the terms and conditions return policies and delivery times. The company agent will fill the order after confirmation (Kellermann Jones, 2013). Receiving Materials: After receiving the order, the purchasing agent will clear the invoice and will check about any discrepancies in terms of returns and credits. Inventory and storage: Once the order is received, they are properly stored at the inventory. The excess materials are stored in the inventory or shipped to the warehouse in order to prevent deterioration and loss. Payment: It is the last stage of the whole expenditure cycle, where company agent clears the payment and completes the whole expenditure cycle. Modes of payments include different forms of credits, checks and cash, etc. However, payments of the gods also include credits and cash for the damaged products and any other discounts or incomplete orders (Amoako, 2013). Risks Faced by Fruito Fruito is a company that deals with selling fruits and vegetables in its company owned shops and distributing the products into other local businesses such as hotels and restaurants. However, it is found that the company is facing risks while completing the whole processes of expenditure cycle. Fruito faces problems in terms of ordering the fruits and vegetables and receiving the products from its potential suppliers. Threats in ordering the products are discussed below: Ordering unnecessary items Purchasing inferior quality fruits and vegetables Purchasing from unauthorized suppliers Purchasing fruits at inflated prices Excess inventory and stock outs. Threats related to receiving fruits are as follows: Receiving unordered fruits Theft of inventory Errors in terms of counting the received fruits and vegetables These are the possible threats that are faced by Fruito in their process of operating the expenditure cycle. The risks will hamper the result of the whole expenditure cycle. The financial department of the company will face issue in calculating the profitability of the company. The risks are responsible for the decreased productivity of the company and supervising the accounts payable department of the company (Hall, 2012). Potential impact of each threat Stock out or excess inventory can result into loss of the products. As fruits and vegetables are perishable products, hence they will perish early if excess amount of inventory is stored. Ordering unnecessary fruits will lead to rotten of fruits and loss of money. As there is a fixed rate of selling and distribution of the products, hence unnecessary items can not be stored for a long time. Purchasing fruits at inflated price leads to loss of money for the company (Davenport, 2013). Purchasing inferior quality of fruits and vegetables will ultimately leads to fast rotten of fruits along with diminished reputation from customers and clients. It will recur both monetary and non-monetary loss from all sides. Purchasing from unauthorized suppliers is a disadvantage in terms of quality of the fruits and vegetables (Amoako, 2013). In terms of receiving the ordered goods, receiving unordered goods will lead to increase of inventory at excess that will lead to loss of fruits and vegetables. Sometimes the purchasing agents can make error in counting the products during the time of delivery of the ordered goods from the suppliers facility. Error in counting leads to loss of money as well as improper delivery of fruits to the retail shops as well as to clients. Theft of inventory is a problem of irregular delivery of products to the clients. Hence, the demand and supply of goods are not met properly (Zadek et al., 2013). Reducing risk by implementation of control Risks are reduced by the following implementation of control related to the particular risks. For stock outs and excess inventory, use of perpetual inventory method, supplier performance reports, periodical physical accounts, and sales forecasting accurate inventory control. In case of ordering unnecessary items, databases of different divisions along with production reports must be integrated. At the time of inflation, catalogs of low cost fruits, checking prices of frequently used fruits, reviewing purchase orders, and performance review can be practiced (Collier, 2015). Reducing inferior fruits can be done by reviewing purchase orders, using approved list of suppliers. Unauthorized suppliers can be reduced by periodic review of the list of suppliers, and restriction of the access to list of suppliers (Belo et al., 2013). Accepting fruits on the approved purchased order will reduce unordered goods. Signature of the clerks and bar coding of the ordered fruits reduces errors in counting. Documentation of transfers of intra company, segregation of duties and securing storage locations will reduce theft in inventory (Hall, 2012). Conclusion An initial internal audit will be conducted to identify the threats in the process of ordering and receiving goods in the process of expenditure cycle. The audit has pointed out the above risks and their potential impact to the company in its business operations. Apart from that, proper implementation of controls is also recommended to the company for minimizing the risks. References Amoako, G. K. (2013). Accounting practices of SMEs: A case study of Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana.International Journal of Business and Management,8(24), 73. Belo, F., Gala, V. D., Li, J. (2013). Government spending, political cycles, and the cross section of stock returns.Journal of Financial Economics,107(2), 305-324. Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Hall, J. A. (2012).Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Kellermann, A. L., Jones, S. S. (2013). What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology.Health Affairs,32(1), 63-68. Sueyoshi, T., Goto, M. (2013). A use of DEADA to measure importance of RD expenditure in Japanese information technology industry.Decision Support Systems,54(2), 941-952. Zadek, S., Evans, R., Pruzan, P. (2013).Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.

Predator Prey Lab Report Essay Example

Predator Prey Lab Report Paper An adaptation aids survival by either decreasing a preys chance of being eaten, or y increasing a predators chance of obtaining food to survive and reproduce. Predators must fight for food. They face density-independent factors which are factors that limit resources, but they cannot be controlled; an example would be bad weather or wildfires. Density-dependent factors are things that can be controlled such as the amount of competition in an environment. For example, if a preys traits allow it to run faster, the predator must also have the characteristics to allow it to run fast enough to catch its prey. Many people confuse adoptions with evolution, but they are not the same. Adoptions are changes in an animal that happen in one generation, while evolution occurs over many generations (Modern Biology, 2006). Charles Darwin had a theory that was the opposite of adaptations. Charles Darnings theory of natural selection was basically survival of the fittest. When organisms reproduce and exceed the carrying capacity, the competition in the environment increases. Because of this, some organisms will not survive (Theory of Natural Selection). It was then that Darwin realized those organisms who were most suited for the environment were the ones who will live on and produce (Darnings Theory of Evolution). For example, picture two birds in an environment. One bird has a long beak and the other has a short beak. The bird with the long beak is able to reach into the holes in the ground and eat the seeds, but the other cannot. The bird populations with the long beaks will be able to survive and reproduce while the population of birds with the short beaks will thin out and eventually go extinct (Modern Biology, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Predator Prey Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Predator Prey Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Predator Prey Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Problem: Which predators will be able to survive and reproduce based on their characteristics, adaptations to the environment, density-dependent factors such s competition for food, and density-independent factors such as bad weather or wild fires? Hypothesis: The spoon will be the predator that survives, reproduces, and dominates the population. If there is a competition between predators over a prey, then the spoon will easily be able to use its bowl-like shape to easily scoop up the prey. If the prey is hidden in the grass, then the spoon will be able to slide through the grass and scoop up any prey hiding. Materials: . 300 pieces of corn 2. 300 pieces of black beans 3. 300 pieces of lima beans 4. 100 pieces of pinto beans 5. Plastic forks with one tongue removed (Broken Forks) . Plastic forks 7. Small plastic knives 8. Plastic spoons 9. Tweezers (forceps) 10. A grass field approximately 15 meters square or a carpeted area about the same size. 11. Styrofoam 6-8 oz. Cups 12. Stop watch Procedures: 1. Distribute 100 pieces of corn, lima beans, and black beans onto the field. 2. Divide the class into 5 groups that are as close to equal as possible. . Give each member of one group forks, of another group spoons, of another group broken forks, of another group knives, and the last group forceps. (If there are no forceps available, the lab can be demonstrated with only 4 groups. 4. Every student gets a Styrofoam cup. 5. Instruct the students that they are individual predators with structural variations. The beans and the corn are the prey. The prey must be picked up with the feeding mechanism (forks, knives, spoons, broken forks, and forceps) and placed in the model mouth (cup). No scraping or pushing of the prey in the mouth is allowed the cup may not touch the ground area. The predators may, however, dash in and pick up any prey being pursued by another predator. Do not hesitate to intrude, any hungry natural predator would not. Hunting time will be 5 minutes. When the teacher or the wildfire comes around and touches any of the students, they must step out of the playing area for fifteen seconds. When told to stop, each student will tally up his kills. If a predator is in the process of capturing a prey when told to stop, he must drop it. 6. Repeat this process for each generation and make the proper adjustments required for each. 7. At the end of the lab, share your data with the class and add up the number of prey killed. Observations: In certain parts of the field, the grass was very tall and the prey that were in that area were very difficult to find. Because of this many predators ignored the grassy areas which caused a lot of competition for prey in the other areas of the field. Certain prey such as the corn was easily concealed in the grass because of its small size. However, in the dirt area, the color of the corn really made it stand out. Therefore, the spoon population was able to reproduce while the other populations began to thin out because they were not as well adapted to the environment, and they were not able to reproduce. Their populations decreased steadily and we can infer that they will eventually go extinct. Fig. 5 shows predator consumption. This graph corresponds to the Predator Population graph. In both graphs the spoon population increases while the others decrease steadily. Again, this is because the spoons were well adapted to the environment and they were able to get more food and reproduce. Another reason was the fact that when some predators starved to death or consumed fewer than five preys they became part of the spoon population. This was done to show how populations that cannot get enough food die off, and those who can continue to live and reproduce. It proves the theory of natural selection. Fig. 6 shows the population of prey. In all cases except for the lima beans, the populations increased. This is because the lima beans were the easiest prey to catch and all the redactors went after them in the first generation. Their population immediately decreased at a drastic level. Because of this, no more lima beans were thrown on the field to show they were no longer able to reproduce. However, for the second generation, the black beans and the corn population increased by one- hundred. This is because there were enough of them left to reproduce. In the third generation you see the corn population increase by one-hundred once again. This is because they were able to reproduce again. However, the black bean population did not increase, but a pinto bean population started at one- hundred. This was because the pinto beans were an invasive species and took over the black bean population. This caused the black beans to not be able to reproduce and their population size stayed the same. Conclusion: This lab was done to show how natural selection affects a predator-prey relationship. Only the strong and most adapted species can survive. The hypothesis was correct because the spoon population was the most adapted and over time became the dominate population. The spoon population was best adapted because it was able to easily scoop up and hiding prey and it was able to scoop up the prey easily in a competition. The spoons were the best adapted at capturing prey as well. The knife and broken fork populations went extinct because they were not well adapted to the environment or catching prey. It can also be inferred that all but the spoon population will also go extinct because they are declining steadily. In human examples, men are able to adapt to the heat by air condition and water. They can adapt to the cold by wearing heavy clothing and heaters. There should be funding to continue to save certain species because there are many species that cannot fend for themselves, but they are incredibly important to the environment. Letting natural selection wee out these species could cause great harm to humans and other animal. Reproduction allowed the spoon population to grow and dominate. It also allowed the corn survive and provide food for the predators. In this lab the experimental group was the predator and prey populations decreasing and increasing based on natural selection. The control variables was the area because it was not tested, as well as the time, and the fact that when you died you became part of the spoon population. The independent variables were the changes in population and prey consumption for each generation.

Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Essay Example

Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Essay Example Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Paper Reflection Cross Cultural Psychology Paper My friend comes from the city of Sarajevo, filled with excellent history and the thriving In Bosnian culture. It Is located In southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, and takes In culture from Its neighbors of Croatia and Serbia. My friend kindly Invited me to her home where she lives with her mother, father and brother. They told me the story of Immigrating to America from their home only a few years back, and of the culture shock they experienced having to learn a new language, new customs, and an overall new way of life. Basic Bosnian words were taught to me during dinner as we ate one of the most popular and traditional meals called Icecap. It is a national dish in Bosnia consisting of grilled minced meat, and served on a plate tit chopped onions and sour cream on a flattered. I found it interesting to compare something to our American national dish which is cheeseburgers, or hot dogs, and found out that Escapes are everywhere in cafes, restaurants, on the street and a regular staple in the home. Dessert was Just as fulfilling, eating Baklava and sipping on espresso from tiny cups her mother made. Growing up locally in Bellevue, events that I usually attended were concerts, or dance classes like ballet or hip hop in the usual leggings and leotard. I learned that the activities best known to the Bosnian culture is its regional folk costumes and encase. Youth frequently attend folklore festivals that are commonly spread throughout the year, and I found it interesting to find out we hold these huge festivals locally here in Seattle and also in Boise, Idaho. My friend dances in one of the dance groups, and took me to one of her dance practices in Tequila. Dances are performed in separate groups of men, women and children, and the participants are linked by holding hands and waving colorful handkerchiefs. The music consisted of Slavic music and traditional instruments too with drums, violins, and flutes. All the omen looked beautiful in their folk costumes with silk pants consisting of colors such as red, gold and white, and a head dressing called a ducat made of old coins with pearls to show feminism. The shirts worn by women are cotton and very loose, covered by a dark vest In black and purple, and the entire outfit Is stitched In gold thread. I learned that Bosnian women pride themselves In wearing gold Jewelry as opposed to silver because It radiates warmth and fervently. When It came to Bosnian pop culture, my friend played her favorite songs by Leap Brenna. Which sounds like a Bosnian version of our Bribery Spears. Hip hop music recently started to thrive in Sarajevo with familiar beats and popular songs by the rapper Eddo Mask. In our American society, one of the most popular comedic shows is Sniffed. My friend and I watched a short episode of Loud Stunned Normal which resembles I TTS comedy. A tong Llanos unreason teen language, I enumerators plot and characters and found humor in the show. Also, in American society we have superstitions such as black cats give bad luck, thirteen is an unlucky number, and breaking a mirror will give you bad luck for the time of seven years. Bosnian are more superstitious than the American culture, as I have learned from my experience. While my friend was driving us to her dance class She asked me to punch her in the nose and I had no idea why she would ask me. I did as she asked me, and informed me that an itchy nose will cause anger and a bad mood. Other commonly believed superstitions are that if your right ear itches, then someone is thinking of you, and if your left ear does, then someone is talking very badly of you. Our world is based on a mixture of different groups of people, attitudes, customs ND values that are learned from one another. All of our different cultures blend into our society and impact the way we relate and understand each other. By immersing myself in my friends foreign culture, and learning about her Bosnian customs and way of life, I learned that although our cultures are different, we are marked by a similarity. We might speak different languages, yet we express the same feelings and have similar values. Through this experience I enjoyed very much to learn about a different cultural perception and way of life as I began to recognize mine in the process.

Reflaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reflaction - Essay Example Thus, it argues that there is no need of getting pregnant and later on procure abortions. The point is, it all depends with the mother on whether to abort or not. Some mothers feel it is good to have children because this will bring them joy, health and respect too. On the hand, others feel it is better to end a just-begun life. According to Arcana (227) states that the idea of being able to make own decisions is very important and women who are able to bear children are valued. Beargman (47) emphasizes on gender whereby some people always mistake a boy from a girl because of some features which they posses. According to Beargman (49), one might be inspired to know who exactly these people are; boys or girls. The idea of possessing these features is not new because such people are not in a position to reveal gender identity even though it is not pleasing to them. Pascode (36) argues that, interracial marriage is unnatural and immoral. In this way, racism is promoted instead of being fought against. This point of interracial marriage is not persuasive since it argues that if interracial marriage is practiced, this will lead to same-sex marriage (Pascode 37). These types of marriages nowadays are not something surprising even though there are laws against this. One would be inspired to know the reasons behind these marriages. Beargman (124) argues clearly that, those people with different features unlike their physical appearance might have some complications in their bodies and they are not willing to reveal their gender due to the fear of going through discrimination or suffering. The idea of hiding their gender is not persuasive because one might develop complex problems and die. It is not the wish of these people to be this way and therefore, they should be cared and valued just like any other human being (Beargman

Market for Digital Cameras in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Market for Digital Cameras in Europe - Essay Example Then competition is reduced and a return to tacit agreement is likely. Petrol provides occasional examples of price wars. Interdependent behavior is an important feature of oligopoly, because the small number of competing firms watch each other closely, devising strategies which take into account the likely reaction of the others. Digital camera market has been growing phenomenally since last 10 years. According to a news report published in ZDNet UK, the sales of digital camera had doubled in the year 2003 on a global scale. A Japanese industry group claimed that Europe was ahead of Japan and the United States of America (USA) in terms of revenues and sales both. (Munir Kotadia, 2003) The Camera and Imaging Products association (CIPA) had revealed that 13.4 million units were shipped globally in the year 2003, with a year-on-year 93% growth. Out of these 13.4 million units, Europe received the most, that is 4.57 million units. This was 20% more than the shipments received by the USA and amounted to 3.82 million units. Japan snapped 3.08 million units. (Munir Kotadia, 2003) Research also reveals that for the first time, sales of digital cameras had exceeded those of film cameras in the year 2002. 23.6 million film-based cameras were sold in 2002 while sales of digital cameras amounted to 24.5 million. ... Some oligopolies have a number of large competitors, as with Coca Cola and other major soft drink suppliers, together with a large number of comparatively small suppliers which are price takers. Global digital camera market Digital camera market has been growing phenomenally since last 10 years. According to a news report published in ZDNet UK, the sales of digital camera had doubled in the year 2003 on a global scale. A Japanese industry group claimed that Europe was ahead of Japan and the United States of America (USA) in terms of revenues and sales both. (Munir Kotadia, 2003) The Camera and Imaging Products association (CIPA) had revealed that 13.4 million units were shipped globally in the year 2003, with a year-on-year 93% growth. Out of these 13.4 million units, Europe received the most, that is 4.57 million units. This was 20% more than the shipments received by the USA and amounted to 3.82 million units. Japan snapped 3.08 million units. (Munir Kotadia, 2003) Research also reveals that for the first time, sales of digital cameras had exceeded those of film cameras in the year 2002. 23.6 million film-based cameras were sold in 2002 while sales of digital cameras amounted to 24.5 million. Initially this gap was only marginal, but with the passing years, the gap has only been widening. With 80% to 90% penetration, the digital camera market has now reached the saturation point in Europe, US, and Japan. This is to mean that 9 out of every 10 consumers own a digital camera. (Munir Kotadia, 2003 and Coco Masters, 2009) The boom in phone and digital camera markets has given Europe the lead over US in these two technological grounds. Miss Carolina Milanesi, a Gartner analyst, had commented back then that consumers in US were still in the process of getting familiar

Barwa fainancial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Barwa fainancial - Case Study Example The main amounts are; cash in hand 79, balances with reputed banks 16,663 (7,497+9,166), and wakala placements 942,500 (in thousands of Qatari Riyals). The Barwa keeps comparatively low cash balance in hand as a part of its credit risk limiting strategy. b. Barwa’s total Cash and Cash equivalents at the end of the year 2009 represent 979,217,000 Riyals (Barwa annual report). From Barwa’s consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended 31st December 2009, it is evident that the organization used cash for a variety of purposes. Accounts payables constitute one of the major cash uses for the year. Similarly, the cash flow statement reflects that the Barwa used cash for ranges of investing activities including payments for acquisitions of property under development and investment property, payments for establishment and acquisition of associates, payments for the purchase of financial assets, and payments for the purchase of plant and equipment (Barwa annual report) . In addition, the organization has dealt with some financing activities include payments for purchase of land and dividend payments. Social contributions, office and administrative expensed and other miscellaneous expenses were the other items that contributed to cash expenditure. c. Barwa mainly practices impairment allowances in its accounting practices. As per the annual report, the impairment allowances represent Barwa’s estimated incurred losses ‘in its receivables and balances from financing activities’. From the framed accounting practices of Barwa, it is obvious that a specific loss component constitutes the main part of this allowance and it is directly associated with individually significant exposures. The element of allowance is visible in the organization’s construction contracts. During the progress of the construction contract, an allowance is maintained for contingency mechanism and it relates to gross margin recognition. It is computed on the basis of percentage of completion certified. Similarly, in order to state the receivables and balances from financing activities, the impaired allowances are deducted from the obtained amortized cost and the resultant figure is recorded. It is observed that due from various parties is not completely recoverable; hence, the Barwa has also marinated impairment allowances for such receivables. d. Barwa has formulated specific provisions for classifying its receivables from financial activities. These formulated provisions clearly comply with the Qatar Central Bank requirements. For this purpose, the Barwa classifies the receivables due for more than 90 to 180 days as substandard; whereas the organization considers it doubtful when the receivables due for more than 181 to 270 days. Finally, those receivables which are due fore more than 270 days are considered to be loss assets (Barwa annual report). This classification seems to be more practical so that it would increase the relia bility of financial statements. The firm does not write off any dues before the maturity period of nine months. This time period gives maximum opportunity to the debtors to clear their accounts; therefore, this provision assists the organization to avoid future corrections to a large extent. Probably,

Analysis of Keyblogger

Analysis of Keyblogger Keyblogger is basically a spyware. As indicated by its namesake, it logs or recors your keystrokes. When you type in your username or password, this information is logged and amde available to the hacker. Keyloggers can either be physical or software-based, the latter being more difficult to detect. A keylogger works in several different ways Each keystroke is recorded and immediately dispatched to some remote listener over the internet. Keystroke are collected ina temporary file, which is then periodically uploaded to the authors location over the internet. The keystrokes are collected in a temporary file, but much like a spam bot, can listen for and recieve instructions from the author. The logger could thus upload the collectedinformation when requested. The collected keystrokes could never be uploaded. Instead, if someone has remote access to your machine, or even physical access to your machine, they could simply come by and copy theinformation manually. Finally, the information may not even be kept on your machine. There are keyloggers that include a little flash memory and can be quickly inserted in between installing, the person behind it stops by and picks up the device containing all yourinformation. There are two methods for bypassing keyloggers, both which involve confusing the logger with random keystrokes. The first, when you need to enter a username or password, is to randomly insert irrelevant numbers and letters in between the same. Once entered, just select the random hits wih the mouse and delete them before logging in. The second is for foolingkeyloggers that capture all keystrokes and not just those typed in the password box. Enter your info randomly across the browser and search bars along with random numbers and letters. When you wish to log in, simply copy and paste the relevant bits into the log-in boxes. You can use KYPS, a reverse proxy server that takes a password, encrypts into a one-time code, printed from the KPYS web site that can be used to log into any computer safely. After being decrypted by the KYPS system and logged in, it deletes the one time code as a password. KYPS also acts as a normal proxy to protect your browsing history. When browsing, it displays the KYPS URL along with random characters and symbols to maximise security. The work offline option shouldnt be relied on too often. This feature is specific to Internet Explorer or the application with that function, and its not too hard for a keylogger to bypass something so narrow. Also, even if you physically pulled out the internet connection wire from your PC, only the first of the above approaches is rendered harmless. The keylogger can still quietly collect the data and transmit it when a connection is available. As such, there is no way to be 100% carefull against keyloggers. It depends on specific keyloggers most of the time. However, you should always remain careful and cautious when entering a cyber cafà ©

Physics of Billiards :: physics sport sports pool billiards

Physics can be found anytime, anywhere. Billards is one game where the more you know about physics the better a player you will be. Some of the main physics principles in Billards are: Newton's Laws: 1st: An object in motion tends to stay in motion while an object at rest will stay at rest, unless acted upon by an outside force. 2nd: Force is proportional to mass times the acceleration. 3rd: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Conservation of Momentum: In an isolated system, (a system with no outside force acting upon it) then the total momentum will remain constant. Inertia: The tendency an object has to follow the same path all the time and not change its motion. Friction: Sliding Friction: the friction on an object while it is moving. Static Friction: Static Friction is the friction that acts on an object that is stationary. There are a few different techniques to striking the cue ball and each will give a different results. Center ball: When you hit center ball, the cue ball slides for a ways, and then rolls. Draw: Is achieved by hitting the cue ball below center. First the ball rotates backward. This rotation slows as the ball slides, and then the ball rolls forward as it does on other shots. The harder you shoot, the farther the ball will travel with this backward spin. And the lower you cue the ball, the farther the ball will travel with this backward spin. Follow: The opposite of draw is follow. This is achieved by hitting the cue ball above center. The cue ball then rotates forward. If the cue ball then hits another ball, it will roll forward after the collision. Stop shot: When the cue ball is very close to the object ball, this can be accomplished with center ball.

Historical Investigation Essay

â€Å"Assess the impact of the period from 1969 – 1982 on the IRA/Sinn Fein and their development into a significant political force in Northern Ireland† â€Å"Assess the impact of the period from 1969 – 1982 on the IRA/Sinn Fein and their development into a significant political force in Northern Ireland† During the period from 1969-1982 both the IRA and Sinn Fein underwent significant change. Sinn Fein moved from a fringe role, in the nationalist movement of Northern Ireland, to a dominant political position. During a time of intense violence in the region an internal discussion was taking place, deliberating on the value of armed resistance versus political engagement. The ideals that rose out of this transformed the movement and laid the basis for the central role it would play in the eventual Good Friday Agreement of 1998. The re-emergence of the nationalist movement led to the rise and resurrection of groups such as the IRA. Naturally this caused much tension, and incidences of violence began to rise. Acts of exceptional protest showed the incomparable power of politics over violence and led to international recognition of the issue. Ultimately Sinn Fein developed into one of the most powerful political forces in Northern Ireland. After years in the dark the nationalist movement began to rapidly gain momentum when the Belfast Troubles began in 1969. The IRA had been deeply divided since 1921 when Dail Eireann chose to ratify the Anglo- Irish treaty. The treaty established the autonomous Irish Free State whilst the province of Ulster remained under the direct control of the United Kingdom. Despite the fact that IRA member Michael Collins had played a role in writing the treaty there was still a major difference of opinion between members of the IRA.1 They were divided between those who were for the establishment of the Free State and those who believed it was illegitimate and illegal. The Split over the treaty led to the Irish Civil War from 1922-3. Many of the opposing leaders had been close friends and comrades during the Irish War of Independence. The civil war split the IRA and this rift would continue to haunt Irish politics for many years to come. In the 1960’s the IRA was further marginalised as it came under the influence of left wing thinkers. This caused a split between the factions of the IRA based in Dublin and Belfast.2 In 1969 the wounds of old were once stirred again when Northern Ireland was rocked by bloody sectarian rioting. The bloodiest rioting was in Belfast where seven people were killed and hundreds injured.3 Violence escalated sharply after these events and new paramilitary groups came into existence on either side of the conflict. The Provisional IRA received an upsurge in membership. It was from here that ‘The Troubles,’ one of the most infamous periods in Irish history began. The violence was characterised by armed campaigns of paramilitary groups. Conflict hit the streets and many innocent people were often attacked. Alongside the violence there was deadlock between the major political parties of Northern Ireland over how the province would be administered and governed. 1972 saw an explosion of political violence in Northern Ireland in which many people lost their lives. The nationalist community saw the Provisional IRA as their defenders, who began an armed campaign in reaction to loyalist provoked violence. During this period the party Sinn Fein had no interest in electoral politics.4 They voiced the need for military opposition to British rule in Northern Ireland. They gained control of the Republican movement and began to focus on flooding nationalist propaganda throughout Northern Ireland. Membership began to skyrocket as anti-British sentiment ran rife. The Republican political party Sinn Fein built the foundations for a movement which in ten years would expand to have branches in every town in Ireland. Atrocities by loyalists and British forces themselves were used to justify the IRA as a movement and inspired many to stand up and fight for the cause they all believed in. On 30 January 19725 in the city of Derry, Northern Ireland border, perhaps one of the largest single atrocities of the ‘Troubles’ period occurred. During a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march in the bogside area of the city members of the 1st Battalion of the British Parachute regiment opened fire on many unarmed protestors. Twenty seven people are known to have been shot and fourteen of those were killed with at least five of the latter confirmed as being shot in the back. 6 Witnesses, including bystanders and British journalists, testify that all those shot appeared to be unarmed. Many individual atrocities occurred that day witnessed by hundreds of people. Eye witness Michael McCallion testified that â€Å"A fellow came out with a white flag, no sooner had he done this when the middle of three British soldiers pulled the trigger and shot him through the head†¦.I have witnessed this as God is my judge and I say that it was cold blooded murder.†7 Testimonies such as this confirm the extreme acts of violence the British committed unnecessarily on that day. One paratrooper who gave evidence testified that they were told by an officer to expect a gunfight and â€Å"we want some kills.†8 The reason for the uproar over such killings was the British soldiers were essentially not an occupying force but a measure of peace between nationalist and loyalist paramilitary groups. As Catholic Bishop of Derry Edward Daly commented â€Å"What really made Bloody Sunday so obscene was the fact that afterwards at the highest level British justice justified it.†9 Acts such as this by official British forces reaffirmed the belief of many that the British Government was still the real enemy and behind the problems that continued in Northern Ireland. This justified the cause of the nationalist movement and subsequently the IRA and Sinn Fein as well. Both organisations had now developed a strong following throughout the Republic and Northern Ireland. Whilst such occurrences did cause much suffering and pain they proved useful to both the IRA and Sinn Fein in acquiring widespread support for the movement. Sinn Fein and the IRA were not officially linked but both strived for the same goal. The Provisional Irish Republican Army was a paramilitary organisation that considered itself a direct continuation of the IRA that had fought in the Irish war of Independence.10 Its stated objective was to end British rule in Ireland and withdraw Northern Irelands status as part of the United Kingdom. The Provisionals advocated for armed defence of Catholic communities in the north and an offensive campaign to end British rule. As the violence in Northern Ireland steadily increased the IRA began to call for a more aggressive campaign against British loyalists. Sinn Fein was a political party of the Republican movement. It was formed in 1970 but has traces back to the original party founded in 1905.11 The party is believed to be directly associated with the IRA. Both Sinn Fein and the IRA played different but converging roles in the war for liberation. Whilst the movements were not officially linked it was widely thought that they were different faces of the same movement. In 2005 the British Government stated â€Å"We had always said all the way through that we believed the IRA and Sinn Fein were inextricably linked and that had obvious implications at leadership level.†12 Throughout the early seventies there was much internal argument between factions of the IRA and Sinn Fein over whether their movement’s primary role should chiefly military or political, although both groups viewed Britain as a colonial occupier and therefore viewed the political process as illegal. Until 1973 Sinn Fein had little interest in politics as the party was still deemed illegal by the British Government. Political activity began in 1973 when Sinn Fein opened the Republican press centre on Falls Road. In 1973 the first attempt at negotiations to resolve the situation led to the Sunningdale Agreement, which devised a power sharing system in the Northern Ireland Assembly, Although this did no include Sinn Fein and quickly collapsed under pressure from loyalist strikes.13 In May 1974 British secretary of State Merlyn Rees legalised Sinn Fein as a political party.14 This was perhaps the beginning of tacit recognition by the British Government that negotiations were only meaningful if they were directly with the IRA. Whilst local politicians such as John Hume, of the Nationalist Party, were respected they did not command enough power to have any effect. Secret meetings between Provisional IRA leaders Ruairi O’Bradaigh and Billy McKee with Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees resulted in a ceasefire which began in February 1975.15 The truce proved to be disastrous for the IRA; leading to infiltration by many British informers into their ranks. After a build up of tensions and a series of sectarian killings the ceasefire broke down in January 1976.16 It was clear that the original aims of the IRA leadership for a quick military victory were receding. It was acts of violence by British authorities that justified the military side of the movement and ensured tensions would continue for years to come. As Sinn Fein began to move into the political process so did many former revolutionaries and IRA members. One such person was Gerry Adams; after being in prison for alleged IRA membership17 he turned himself in a new direction a moved towards the political process. In 1978 he was elected as the vice president of Sinn Fein. This most likely came as a result of the realisation by many senior figures that it was becoming more and more unlikely that a military victory could be achieved. Whilst significant events such as Bloody Sunday lead to anti-British sentiment to sky rocket many turned away from violence and embraced the political system. Protests by a number of imprisoned IRA members in Long Kesh gaol showed the power of political tactics, leading to the dominance of Sinn Fein as a political force. The 1981 hunger strike was the climax of a five year protest by Republican prisoners in Northern Ireland. The protest originally began in 197618 when the British Government removed its special category status for convicted paramilitary prisoners. This status had provided them with Prisoner of War privileges as specified in the Geneva Convention.19 Prisoners did not have to wear prison uniforms, do prison work and were allowed to be housed within their own paramilitary factions. They were also entitled to receive extra food parcels and have extra visits. When these rights were removed by the British Government, as recommended by the Gardiner Committee20, the prisoners began a protest to gain them back. It started with a blanket protest in which prisoners refused to wear uniforms but instead wrapped themselves in prison blan kets; they stated that they were not criminals but political prisoners. In 197821 the dispute escalated into a dirty protest in which prisoners refused to wash and covered their cell walls with excrement. In 1980 the first hunger strike took place but to no avail ending after 53 days.22 The second strike in 1981 is perhaps one of the best know instances of protest throughout the campaign. The strike was lead by former IRA Officer Commanding in the prison, Bobby Sands.23 At the beginning of the strike there was little progress and it didn’t receive much outside support. But after five days the strike received a much needed boost; the Independent Republican MP for Fermanagh and South Tyrone died and a by-election was called to appoint his replacement. It was decided that Bobby Sands would stand against the Ulster Unionist Party candidate Harry West.24 On 9 April 1981 Sands won a narrow victory and was elected to the British House of Commons.25 The victory attracted worldwide attention and thousands of media personnel descended on Belfast. On the six ty sixth day of the hunger strikes, May 5, Sands died causing riots across Northern Ireland. One hundred thousand people lined the route of his funeral a few days later.26 In the weeks after Sands death three more hunger strikers died,27 and another by-election had to be held for the seat of Fermanagh and South Tyrone. Due to the fact that the British Government had rushed through the Representation of the People Act,28 which meant prisoners serving more than one year could not run for parliament, so Sands’ election agent Owen Carron had to run instead. He claimed a similar victory gaining a larger percentage of the votes. The success of hunger strike created a firm platform for Irish republicanism and paved the way for the formal entry of Sinn Fein into electoral politics the following year. It was also around this period that the British Government began reforming its policies in relation to the IRA and Sinn Fein. They now viewed Sinn Fein as a legitimate political movement who would be included in official negotiations. The achievements of the hunger strikers proved the power of political activism as opposed to violence; they also exposed the falseness of the British Governments claim that the Republican movement had no support. The events of 1969-82 transformed the Republican movement from a violence orientated force to a significant political force. As Sinn Fein began to grow as a political force the IRA slowly, and with considerable internal difficulties, changed its ways. This eventually paved the way for an official ceasefire in 1994. Their agreement to decommission their weapons meant that Sinn Fein was allowed to come to the negotiation table and play a significant role in the Good Friday agreement of 1998. That agreement resulted in a devolved power sharing structure of self government for Northern Ireland, whilst it still remained within the United Kingdom.29 In 2007 Martin McGuiness of Sinn Fein was appointed deputy first minister and held equal power alongside Ian Paisely of the DUP in the Northern Ireland Assembly Government.30 From the split in the nationalist movement in 1969 to its reemergence throughout the seventies, alongside the IRA, there was much change. Events such as Bloody Sunday increased the military overtone of the movement but ultimately peaceful political power prevailed. Acts such as the 1981 hunger strike proved the power of political protest as compared to violence. Ultimately Sinn Fein grew into a legitimate political party and as of 2009 they became the largest party in Northern Ireland following European Parliamentary elections.31 _______________________________________________________ Bibliography Literary Sources English, Richard (2003), Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA, Pan Books, Stuttgart, Germany ________________________________________________________________________ Geraghty, Tony (2000), The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict Between the IRA and British Intelligence, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland, USA ________________________________________________________________________ Hastings, Max (1970), Ulster 1969 – The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland, Victor Gollancz LTD, London, United Kingdom ________________________________________________________________________ McEvoy, Kieran (2001), Paramilitary Imprisonment in Northern Ireland: Resistance, Management, and Release, Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom ________________________________________________________________________ Moloney, Ed (2002), A Secret History of the IRA, Penguin Books, New Jersey, USA ________________________________________________________________________ Mullan, Don (1997), Eyewitness Bloody Sunday – The Truth, Wolfhound Press, Dublin, Ireland ________________________________________________________________________ O’Brien, Brendan (1995), the Long War, the IRA and Sinn Fein, Syracuse University Press, New York, USA ________________________________________________________________________ Electronic Sources BBC (2009), on this day – 9 Decmeber1973 (online), BBC, London, United Kingdom. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/9/newsid_2536000/2536767.stm (Accessed 26 July 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ BBC (2009), Profile: Martin McGuinness (online), BBC, London, United Kingdom. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1303355.stm (Accessed 29 July 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ CAIN Web Service (2009), A chronology of the conflict (online), University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom. Available from http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch76.htm (Accessed 27 July 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ Lord Gardiner (1975), Report of a Committee to consider, in the context of civil liberties and human rights, measures to deal with terrorism in Northern Ireland – Extract (online), University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom. Available from http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/hmso/gardiner.htm#1 (Accessed July 28 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ McClean, Raymond, The Road to Bloody Sunday – Extracts (online), University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom. Available from http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/bsunday/mcclean.htm (Accessed 28 July 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ National Archives of Ireland (no date), Documents on Irish Foreign Policy Series: text of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (online), Irish Government, Dublin, Ireland, Available from http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/anglo_irish/dfaexhib2.html (Accessed 1 August 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ Prime Ministers Office (2005), Briefing from the Prime Minister’s Official Spokesman on: Anti Terror Law, President Bush/EU, Foreign Doctors in NHS, Hunting and Northern Ireland (online), British Government, London, United Kingdom, Available from http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page7148 (Accessed 29 July 20090 ________________________________________________________________________ Sinn Fein Official Website (2009), History made – Sinn Fein is now the largest party in the six counties (online), Belfast, United Kingdom, Available from http://www.sinnfein.ie/contents/16580 (Accessed 29 July 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ University College Cork (2009), Multitext project in Irish History – Movements for Political and Social Reform, 1870 – 1914 (online), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Available from http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_politics__administration_1870-1914#12TheFirstSinnFeacuteinParty> (Accessed 25 July 2009) ________________________________________________________________________ 1 National Archives of Ireland, Documents on Irish Foreign Policy Series: text of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, n.d, (1 August 2009) 2 Moloney, Ed (2002), A Secret History of the IRA, Penguin Books. p. 246 3 English, Richard (2003), Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA, Pan Books. p. 136 4 O’Brien, Brendan, the Long War, the IRA and Sinn Fein (1995) 5 Moloney, Ed, A Secret History of the IRA. p. 80 6 McClean, Raymond, The Road to Bloody Sunday – Extracts, 1997, < http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/bsunday/mcclean.htm> (28 July 2009) 7 Mullan, Don, Eyewitness Bloody Sunday – The Truth, Wolfhound Press 8 Geraghty, Tony, The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict Between the IRA and British Intelligence, unknown p. 65 9 Mullan, Don, Eyewitness Bloody Sunday – The Truth 10 Moloney, Ed, A Secret History of the IRA. p. 432 11 University College Cork, Multitext project in Irish History – Movements for Political and Social Reform, 1870 – 1914, 2009, < http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_politics__administration_1870-1914#12TheFirstSinnFeacuteinParty> (25 July 2009) 12 Prime Ministers Office, Briefing from the Prime Minister’s Official Spokesman on: Anti Terror Law, President Bush/EU, Foreign Doctors in NHS, Hunting and Northern Ireland, 21 February 2005, < http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page7148> 13 BBC, On this day – 9 Decmeber1973, 2009, < http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/9/newsid_2536000/2536767.stm> (26 July 2009) 14 Moloney, Ed, A Secret History of the IRA 15 Moloney, Ed, A Secret History of the IRA 16 English, Richard, Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA, p. 136 17 Moloney, Ed, A Secret History of the IRA p. 140. 18 McClean, Raymond, The Road to Bloody Sunday – Extracts 19 McEvoy, Kieran, Paramilitary Imprisonment in Northern Ireland: Resistance, Management, and Release, Oxford University Press 20 Lord Gardiner, Report of a Committee to consider, in the context of civil liberties and human rights, measures to deal with terrorism in Northern Ireland – Extract, 1975, < http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/hmso/gardiner.htm#1> (July 28 2009) 21 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict, 2009, < http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch76.htm> (27 July 2009) 22 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict 23 English, Richard, Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA p. 196 24 Moloney, Ed, A Secret History of the IRA p. 211 25 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict 26 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict 27 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict 28 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict 29 CAIN Web Service, A chronology of the conflict 30 BBC, Profile: Martin McGuinness, 2009, < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1303355.stm> (29 July 2009) 31 Sinn Fein Online, History made – Sinn Fein is now the largest party in the six counties, 2009, < http://www.sinnfein.ie/contents/16580> (29 July 2009)

My Great Mother Essays

My Great Mother Essays My Great Mother Essay My Great Mother Essay Essay Topic: Mother To Mother Everyone must have a source of inspiration and encouragement in their lives. Theirs idol can be of famous singer or actors such as Tom Cruise or even maybe sports stars like Eric Cantona. As for me, my source of inspiration is my mother my mother is not a well-known politician or a famous performer. She is just plain working mother who devotes her life to me and that is what makes her so special in my life. She never fails to wear a radiant smile that is able to lighten up the room she walks in, my mother sa always be my side during the good times and has always been a shoulder to cry on during the bad times. he takes good care of me since i was in her womb. she nurses me when i am sick and has brought me up to be well-mannered and well-educated person. my mother is one of important assets in my life as she always encourages me to study hard and make sure i have a good education so that i can succeed in life. she has been very patient with me and support me in everything i do. she ha s done a lot to boost my self-confidence and self- esteem. he does not scold whenever i failed in something, she will console me and make me feel better by telling me stories about her own failure and achievements throughout life. i would like to thank God for creating such a wonderful and loving person for all the kids in the wide world called Mum. i know i shall feel like someone has cut off my right arm if anyone should take her away from me. no amount of money could repay all her kindness and loves towards me. i shall always cherish the sweet memories of my mother for as long as i live.

CTA Swapper Test Post

CTA Swapper Test Post SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT eBook ACT Signup SAT Signup Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Allen Cheng About the Author As co-founder and head of product design at PrepScholar, Allen has guided thousands of students to success in SAT/ACT prep and college admissions. He's committed to providing the highest quality resources to help you succeed. Allen graduated from Harvard University summa cum laude and earned two perfect scores on the SAT (1600 in 2004, and 2400 in 2014) and a perfect score on the ACT. You can also find Allen on his personal website, Shortform, or the Shortform blog. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.20df8524-ad69-4fb9-b0a8-2b8d82a4f5c8'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

SOFTWARE USABILITY SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SOFTWARE USABILITY SLP - Essay Example Operations tell the performance levels of the software for certain tasks. A breakthrough in software usability evaluation came from Shackel (1991). It defines usability as the capability of artifact in terms of human functions. These human functions will enable the softwares easy, satisfactory and effective use by its users. It places the usability to the level of interaction between artifact and users. When the criteria of software usability are set, the approach supports the process of evaluation and the interpretation of results. Usability thus is not limited to features of the interface, but it is a measure of "interaction" between human and computer. There exist different methods to evaluate software usability. It depends on time, labor, evaluator – experience, development stage, preference, and facilities. In wider terms, the distinction in evaluation methods is user based, expert-based and model-based. The user-based methods are more realistic in estimation of usability and give a very concise record of significant problems. But this method is time-consuming and expensive for larger samples. The expert based models are cheap and fast. But here, there is a risk of overestimation of the actual number of problems. The model-based method gives a laborious estimate of the standard of software usability. The main disadvantage is it has a limited applicability in task. Hence, after that HCI came into existence. The four approaches are Eberts (1994) describes the user interface designs to be user-friendly, intuitive and efficient. He defines four approaches to HCI. Anthropomorphic, Cognitive, Empirical and predictive. The anthropomorphic way designs a user interface that possesses human-like qualities, for example, in interface error messaging, avatars or sounds. The cognitive approach considers the potential of human brain and senses, in order to develop the interface to support the user. A metaphoric design is one such example

Spread of disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spread of disease - Essay Example The humoral theory was the hub of cause of disease in the European world till it was phased off by the germ theory that was first conceived in the sixteenth century. It took three centuries for the germ theory to be completely developed and it was accepted in the nineteenth century (Thargard, 1997). Robert Koch made the first discovery of the cause of disease where he postulated bacterium as the cause of tuberculosis in 1882. In 1932, Prontosil drug was discovered by Gerhard Domagk as the drug that could eradicate the microbe that Koch had stipulated. Moreover, in 1944, streptomycin was discovered and proved to be the most efficient treatment in killing the microbe. This served as the genesis of treatment regimes which are currently aimed at treating the symptom, eradicating the cause, and changing the course of the disease hence altering the spread of the disease (Thargard, 1997). Latest technology in the twentieth century has led to a more pragmatic approach to spread of disease since it has led to the discovery of nutritional, genetic and immunological causes of disease. The discovery of these aspects has made individuals learn the roles that nutrition plays in preventing spread of disease and also the immunological aspects that sanitation plays in preventing the spread of disease. Genetically, sanitation has progressed since it has aided in the discovery of how some aspect in an individual predisposes them more to acquire infection compared to other individuals. Consequently, knowledge of the immune system has led to the development of vaccines that aid in the protecting the spread of disease. Inventions have also been made in treatment modalities like laser, surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy all aimed in preventing the spread of disease (Thargard, 1997). Hippocrates a Greek philosopher existed between 430 and 330 B.C. He was a key player in the spread of disease theory since he coined the humoral theory that served as a

Marketing Plan for Dog and Duck Bar Research Paper

Marketing Plan for Dog and Duck Bar - Research Paper Example A careful evaluation of the weekly customer flow and entertainment schedule served as the foundation for this analysis and the following marketing plan. The demographics of the target markets are somewhat varied and the customer attendance is unpredictable, but research indicates that bistro clientele is extremely loyal. The plan focuses on DDB's future growth strategy in increasing public awareness, developing and maintaining customer loyalty, improving the acoustic and functional design of the interior, maximizing future profits by promoting the bistro within its specific niche market, and emphasizing the bistro's superiority in the live entertainment music market and restaurant. Because DDB's promotional budget is rather limited, free exposure like press releases and emails will be sent out on a regular basis to announce the entertainment schedule and cooperative advertising will be pursued for all future print media. A part-time marketing director will be hired to assist the owne rs in creating ad layout and content, as well as helping with public relations. Because DDB's has relatively weak marketing and financial resources, it has relied heavily on extensive word-of-mouth advertising. Fortunately, this approach has helped to achieve a limited degree of success thus far in the club's existence, but this method will not achieve the type of profit margin the owners are hoping to obtain or sustain any type of business for very long. In the meantime, the employees will have to make a major effort to ensure that once they gain new customers, they don't lose them by consistently delivering quality products and services at competitive prices. To obtain repeat business from loyal customers, DDB's must work hard to establish long-term relationships with its clientele. Â  

Saving Private Ryan by Steven Spielberg Essay Example for Free

Saving Private Ryan by Steven Spielberg Essay Write a newspaper film review analysing how Steven Spielberg makes the cinema audience regard the pain of others. In the Omaha Beach sequence at the beginning of Saving Private Ryan. Saving Private Ryan Cast Tom Hanks, Tom Sizemore, Matt Damon, Edward Burns, Jeremy Davies, Vin Diesel, Adam Golberg, Barry Pepper and Giovanni Rabisi. Director Steven Spielberg. Producers Ian Bryce , Mark Gordon, Gary Levinsohn. Screenplay Robert Rodat. Cinematography Janusz Kaminski. Music John Williams. U.S Distributor DreamWorks SKG/Paramount Pictures. Viewer Rating 15. Internationally acclaimed 1940s war epic Saving Private Ryan directed by Steven Spielberg, this outstanding box office hit picked up five academy awards for:- Best Director. Cinematography. Film Editing. Sound and Sound Effects editing. Best Picture This award top grossing American Motion Picture of 1998. Saving Private Ryan opens with a cinematic battle that is, without a doubt, one of the finest, most graphic and realistic half-hours committed to film. This sequence, a soldiers eye view of the D-Day invasion of Normandy, is brilliant, not only in the terms of technique but in the depth of viewer reactions it generates, such films as Platoon, and the Apocalypse dont come close to the immense scenery Spielberg has portrayed. It is certainly the most violent, gory and realistic depiction of war that I have ever witnessed, the levels of pain put across with splitting sounds and visuals on screen. Spielberg spares the viewer nothing of the horrors of battle, using unbelievable images to display the utter chaos and senselessness that any soldier will encounter in an engagement with the enemy. Spielberg presents us with graphic scenes of Omaha Beach, the sequence is random, unstructured and subject to sheer chaos made all the more effective to the emotion on screen. Spielbergs portrayal of war on camera is outstanding, Spielberg also uses other methods to capture his sense of war, hand held cameras, a slight speeding up of images and also slowing up of images to show complete bewilderment the soldiers have to go through in the heat of battle. Also muted sound is used as to show when a shell or grenade has exploded close by and a soldier has lost their hearing. The soundtrack at the start of the sequence when soldiers are exiting the landing craft is like you are falling underwater and with a blurred sense of vision and hearing. Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) goes through a sequence of shell shock where he is witnessing his fellow countrymen die around him, not only death in a clean and typical country and western fashion, but horrific, Spielberg shows the sheer randomness and shocking way that someone can die in the heat of battle The hand held effect used by Spielberg is used to give you the perspective of what a solider is looking at in the bedlam of battle, bullets piercing everywhere, decapitation and death surrounding everything, truly shocking images being displayed, it doesnt bare thinking about to actually experience being picked off like sitting ducks on a pond, no where to go, no where to hide, knowing that the only way you can survive is to advance towards the enemy! In the opening sequence we see an American Amphibious landing vehicle approach Omaha Beach, as soon as the door drops on the front of the vessel facing the enemy the scene explodes into intense rapid machine gun fire. Nine out of ten instantly get pierced-feared dead. This shot has been used wit the German gunner out of view, showing a dark figure with no emotion and no care in the world, which is what the worlds prospective was of the Nazis at this time of sorrow. The camera effect fades right as the gun in the view aims in the direction of a vessel, giving the effect that it is in fact the aim of a Nazi soldiers eyes. The camera quickly switches to a shot down in the water at the beach where a soldier has been set foot into the water at waist height. As the soldier struggles through the water he sinks under, the soundtrack changes at this point to men shouting and the sound of gunfire, as the soldier is oblivious and concentrating on making it out of the water alive, he is shot through the chest and falls motionless into the water, the camera is shaking at the shells smashing into the beach whilst the camera is on a soldiers eye view, like the solider is witnessing his comrades die. It just makes you think an awful lot about the daunting task that the army had to embark upon that day. The first really graphic moving image Spielberg introduces to us in is near the start of the sequence, he doesnt hold back the gory images at all, the audience witnesss the pain of others but showing for example a soldier walking up the beach with a determined look on his face, when he suddenly shelled and is left leg is decapitated to the hip, he hits the floor feared dead with bright red blood spurting out onto the grey beach. Spielberg also shows the power of a shell by re-enacting a blast and following it up with the soldier rather overreact to some peoples point of view, do a cart wheel in mid air, there is also a fellow dead solider lying beside him in this shot. The next shot is where Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) is first introduced into the film and this is done by him crawling up the shell battered beach, clenching his helmet, making his way to shelter behind an ALD (Anti Landing Device) used by the Germans to prevent the amphibious vehicles getting up the beach. In my opinion, I think the introduction of Tom Hanks distracts the viewer from what really is going on., there is a war going on, but this shot is when a plot begins to emerge. Carrying on the sequence it shows through Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) eyes, view pointing on a squirming solider who is very young trying to save himself from enemy fire. This is showing human emotions and reality of war and what effect it can have on a person. This young soldier has given up on his objective, he is crying and trying to push another solider out of the way so he can get more cover from enemy fire, which gives the impression of every man for himself. Again Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) is shown in close up, his emotion is dazed. The soundtrack suddenly fades and sounds like he is underwater, gurgling sounds and sounds in the distance. This shot has been used to show how much of what you are looking upon can effect you. Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) looks upon his fellow men dying around him, his face really shows how much he cares but also looking very unaware of where he is and what he is doing. The following scene (shot) is seen through Captain John Millers (Tom Hanks) eyes, he looks at a soldier approaching the higher tier of the beach, with one solider with a flame thrower on his back being followed by two other infantrymen. The flame pack gets pierced by a bullet and explodes, engulfing him and the other soldiers, this is where colour is properly introduced with the flames and Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) still dazed, the sound is like a brush of wind through trees. This shot gives the sense of how war can backfire on you, its ironic how this American soldier was going to use his unique weapon to kill the enemy but as a result it killed him in an horrific manor, showing countless ways that people can die in wartime. Moving back to Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) looking through his eyes, he sees a man who has had his arm decapitated and is searching for his lost limb in confusion, after being re united with his mangled arm, he simply walks off down the beach. The scenery behind this injured soldier has been framed behind the Anti Landing Devices to keep the mood of battle and with soldiers crawling around underneath this soldier to show more authenticity and amazement at what the soldier is doing. Once again showing randomness in war, with the man who simply has given up his objective. Still with no dialogue introduced yet. The following shot in this sequence brings you back to Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) after just seeing three men being engulfed in flames, a wash of blood sprays onto Captain John Millers (Tom Hanks) face and dribbles down, but he just closes his eyes, still dazed and a doesnt seem fazed by this, although looking surprised he is still without proper hearing. This is used to still represent confusion in war. Spielberg shows the machinery in wartime used in the D-Day landings, he represents them by a landing craft is on fire and American soldiers pouring out on fire. Landing craft called PA30-31 designed to drive up the beach, but unsuccessful and engulfed in flames. The soldiers arent bothered about getting shot, they are just worried about getting the flames off them by diving into the freezing cold water, running around like headless chickens, showing that not everything goes to plan in war, and again the randomness of it all. Also showing that you cant always die by the bullet. This shot is still looking through the captains eyes, the first scene with a crowd sense. The soundtrack at this moment is still with Captain John Millers (Toms Hanks) hearing disabled slightly and you hear the sound of flames and shouting. Showing the sense of uncertainty and danger the soldiers are in. The camera is used in a way that helps us to understand Millers confusion. One shot has the camera panning away from Millers eyes as his hearing slowly returns, to the sound of explosions and endless gunfire, illustrating that Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) has suddenly become aware of what is around him and what he has to do to survive. Miller is seen putting his helmet on which is filled with sea water stained red with blood, the camera follows this action closely as the blood runs down his face, again illustrating the stark reality of his situation. This is further emphasised by the introduction of the first real dialogue, What do we do now sir? Miller is slow to respond and the soldier shouts, I said what the hell do we do now sir!? To say that the film starts with a BANG! Is an understatement, Spielberg uses grotesque images of blood, gore, drowning, dismemberment and death to create impact and then shows us by his clever use of camera angles and close ups shots, the mental and physical pain that these men experienced. This ultimately leaves the viewer shell shocked and in complete empathy with those who experienced the D-Day landings on June 6th 1944.